Antimicrobial Agents

INTRODUCTION................................................................. 13 PRECLINICAL TESTING STAGES ................................................................. 13 Discovery of New Antibiotics ................................................................. 13 Establishment of SAR ................................................................. 15 Animal Models for Studying the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Antibiotics ..................................16 Safety Studies in Animals ................................................................. 19 CLINICAL TESTING PHASES................................................................. 20 HISTORICAL TRENDS IN ANTIBIOTIC DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT................................22 Discovery of Penicillin G ................................................................. 22 Expanded-Spectrum Penicillins and the Aminoglycosides..............................................................24 Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Penems, and Monobactams ..........................................................24 Quinolones ................................................................. 26 CONCLUSION ................................................................. 26 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................. 27 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................. 27